【K8s入门推荐】K8s1.24版本部署全教程，轻松掌握技巧kubeadm丨Kubernetes丨容器编排丨云原生应用丨Docker丨ETCD丨CNI丨高可用丨API Server丨Fluentd

master节点
# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master01

worker01节点
# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-worker01

worker02节点
# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-worker02

k8s-master节点IP地址为：192.168.10.200/24
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.10.200"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
DNS1="119.29.29.29"

k8s-worker1节点IP地址为：192.168.10.201/24
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.10.201"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
DNS1="119.29.29.29"

k8s-worker2节点IP地址为：192.168.10.202/24
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.10.202"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
DNS1="119.29.29.29"

# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.10.200 k8s-master01
192.168.10.201 k8s-worker01
192.168.10.202 k8s-worker02

关闭现有防火墙firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
# systemctl stop firewalld
# firewall-cmd --state
not running

# sed -ri 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

# crontab -l
0 */1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time1.aliyun.com

导入elrepo gpg key
# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org

安装elrepo YUM源仓库
# yum -y install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

安装kernel-ml版本，ml为长期稳定版本，lt为长期维护版本
# yum --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" -y install kernel-ml.x86_64

设置grub2默认引导为0
# grub2-set-default 0

重新生成grub2引导文件
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

更新后，需要重启，使用升级的内核生效。
# reboot

重启后，需要验证内核是否为更新对应的版本
# uname -r

添加网桥过滤及内核转发配置文件
# cat /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness = 0

加载br_netfilter模块
# modprobe br_netfilter

查看是否加载
# lsmod | grep br_netfilter
br_netfilter           22256  0
bridge                151336  1 br_netfilter

加载网桥过滤及内核转发配置文件
# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness = 0

安装ipset及ipvsadm
# yum -y install ipset ipvsadm

配置ipvsadm模块加载方式
添加需要加载的模块
# cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

授权、运行、检查是否加载
# chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

永远关闭swap分区，需要重启操作系统
# cat /etc/fstab
......

# /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

在上一行中行首添加#

# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

# yum -y install docker-ce

# systemctl enable --now docker

在/etc/docker/daemon.json添加如下内容

# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
        "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}

# systemctl restart docker

获取golang安装包
# wget https://golang.google.cn/dl/go1.16.10.linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压golang至指定目录
# tar -xzf go1.16.10.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

添加环境变量
# cat /etc/profile
......
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin

加载/etc/profile文件
# source /etc/profile

验证golang是否安装完成
# go version

输出
go version go1.16.10 linux/amd64

创建gopath目录
# mkdir -p ~/go/bin ~/go/src ~/go/pkg

克隆cri-dockerd源码
# git clone https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd.git

查看克隆下来的目录
# ls
cri-dockerd

查看目录中内容
# ls cri-dockerd/
LICENSE  Makefile  packaging  README.md  src  VERSION

# cd cri-dockerd

创建bin目录并构建cri-dockerd二进制文件
# mkdir bin
# cd src && go get && go build -o ../bin/cri-dockerd

创建/usr/local/bin,默认存在时，可不用创建
# mkdir -p /usr/local/bin

安装cri-dockerd
# install -o root -g root -m 0755 bin/cri-dockerd /usr/local/bin/cri-dockerd

复制服务管理文件至/etc/systemd/system目录中
# cp -a packaging/systemd/* /etc/systemd/system

指定cri-dockerd运行位置
#sed -i -e 's,/usr/bin/cri-dockerd,/usr/local/bin/cri-dockerd,' /etc/systemd/system/cri-docker.service

启动服务
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable cri-docker.service
# systemctl enable --now cri-docker.socket

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
        https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

安装
# yum -y install  kubeadm  kubelet kubectl

# vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"

设置kubelet为开机自启动即可，由于没有生成配置文件，集群初始化后自动启动
# systemctl enable kubelet

# kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version=v1.24.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.24.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.24.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.24.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.24.0
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.7
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.5.3-0
k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.6

# cat image_download.sh
#!/bin/bash
images_list='
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.24.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.24.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.24.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.24.0
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.7
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.5.3-0
k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.6'

for i in $images_list
do
        docker pull $i
done

docker save -o k8s-1-24-0.tar $images_list

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.24.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.224.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.10.200  --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

如果不添加--cri-socket选项，则会报错，内容如下：
Found multiple CRI endpoints on the host. Please define which one do you wish to use by setting the 'criSocket' field in the kubeadm configuration file: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock, unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher

初始化过程输出
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.24.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.10.200]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 localhost] and IPs [192.168.10.200 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 localhost] and IPs [192.168.10.200 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 13.006785 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01 as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: 8x4o2u.hslo8xzwwlrncr8s
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.10.200:6443 --token 8x4o2u.hslo8xzwwlrncr8s \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7323a8b0658fc33d89e627f078f6eb16ac94394f9a91b3335dd3ce73a3f313a0

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ls /root/.kube/
config

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

下载operator资源清单文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml

应用资源清单文件，创建operator
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f tigera-operator.yaml

通过自定义资源方式安装
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/custom-resources.yaml

修改文件第13行，修改为使用kubeadm init ----pod-network-cidr对应的IP地址段
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim custom-resources.yaml
......
 11     ipPools:
 12     - blockSize: 26
 13       cidr: 10.224.0.0/16 
 14       encapsulation: VXLANCrossSubnet
......

应用资源清单文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f custom-resources.yaml

监视calico-sysem命名空间中pod运行情况
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# watch kubectl get pods -n calico-system

删除 master 上的 taint
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-

已经全部运行
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n calico-system
NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-666bb9949-dzp68   1/1     Running   0          11m
calico-node-jhcf4                         1/1     Running   4          11m
calico-typha-68b96d8d9c-7qfq7             1/1     Running   2          11m

查看kube-system命名空间中coredns状态，处于Running状态表明联网成功。
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-6d4b75cb6d-js5pl               1/1     Running   0          12h
coredns-6d4b75cb6d-zm8pc               1/1     Running   0          12h
etcd-k8s-master01                      1/1     Running   0          12h
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   0          12h
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01   1/1     Running   0          12h
kube-proxy-7nhr7                       1/1     Running   0          12h
kube-proxy-fv4kr                       1/1     Running   0          12h
kube-proxy-vv5vg                       1/1     Running   0          12h
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   0          12h

下载二进制文件
# curl -L https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases/download/v3.21.4/calicoctl-linux-amd64 -o calicoctl

安装calicoctl
# mv calicoctl /usr/bin/

为calicoctl添加可执行权限
# chmod +x /usr/bin/calicoctl

查看添加权限后文件
# ls /usr/bin/calicoctl
/usr/bin/calicoctl

查看calicoctl版本
# calicoctl  version
Client Version:    v3.21.4
Git commit:        220d04c94
Cluster Version:   v3.21.4
Cluster Type:      typha,kdd,k8s,operator,bgp,kubeadm

通过~/.kube/config连接kubernetes集群，查看已运行节点
# DATASTORE_TYPE=kubernetes KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/config calicoctl get nodes
NAME
k8s-master01

[root@k8s-worker01 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.10.200:6443 --token 8x4o2u.hslo8xzwwlrncr8s \                              --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7323a8b0658fc33d89e627f078f6eb16ac94394f9a91b3335dd3ce73a3f313a0 --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

[root@k8s-worker02 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.10.200:6443 --token 8x4o2u.hslo8xzwwlrncr8s \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7323a8b0658fc33d89e627f078f6eb16ac94394f9a91b3335dd3ce73a3f313a0 --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

在master节点上操作，查看网络节点是否添加
# DATASTORE_TYPE=kubernetes KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/config calicoctl get nodes
NAME
k8s-master01
k8s-worker01
k8s-worker02

查看所有的节点
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME           STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
k8s-master01   Ready    control-plane   12h   v1.24.0
k8s-worker01   Ready    <none>          12h   v1.24.0
k8s-worker02   Ready    <none>          12h   v1.24.0

查看集群健康情况
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get cs
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE                         ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok
scheduler            Healthy   ok
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true","reason":""}

查看kubernetes集群pod运行情况
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-6d4b75cb6d-js5pl               1/1     Running   0          12h
coredns-6d4b75cb6d-zm8pc               1/1     Running   0          12h
etcd-k8s-master01                      1/1     Running   0          12h
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   0          12h
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01   1/1     Running   0          12h
kube-proxy-7nhr7                       1/1     Running   0          12h
kube-proxy-fv4kr                       1/1     Running   0          12h
kube-proxy-vv5vg                       1/1     Running   0          12h
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   0          12h

再次查看calico-system命名空间中pod运行情况。
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n calico-system
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-5b544d9b48-xgfnk   1/1     Running   0          12h
calico-node-7clf4                          1/1     Running   0          12h
calico-node-cjwns                          1/1     Running   0          12h
calico-node-hhr4n                          1/1     Running   0          12h
calico-typha-6cb6976b97-5lnpk              1/1     Running   0          12h
calico-typha-6cb6976b97-9w9s8              1/1     Running   0          12h