4.区块链系列之本地环境从0到1部署智能合约

本文讲解使用本地开发工具编写、部署智能合约。

• 准备环境
  • Visual Studio Code
  • Node
  • 安装solidity插件如图所示:
    
  • 同理安装Prettier - Code formatter插件
    安装插件后重启Visual Studio Code

PS D:\blockchain\ehthers-simple-storage-fcc> node --version
v16.4.1

1. 新建SimpleStorage.sol文件

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity 0.8.7;

contract SimpleStorage {
    uint256 favoriteNumber;

    struct People {
        uint256 favoriteNumber;
        string name;
    }
    People[] public people;

    mapping(string => uint256) public nameToFavoriteNumber;

    function store(uint256 _favoriteNumber) public {
        favoriteNumber = _favoriteNumber;
    }

    function retrieve() public view returns (uint256) {
        return favoriteNumber;
    }

    function addPerson(string memory _name, uint256 _favoriteNumber) public {
        people.push(People(_favoriteNumber, _name));
        nameToFavoriteNumber[_name] = _favoriteNumber;
    }
}

2. 新建.vscode/settings.json中添加格式化插件

{
    "[solidity]": {
        // 默认代码格式化方式
        "editor.defaultFormatter":"NomicFoundation.hardhat-solidity"
    },
    "[javascript]": {
        "editor.defaultFormatter": "esbenp.prettier-vscode"
    }
}

3. 编译solidity

# 由于npm版本低于16.10
# 详见https://yarnpkg.com/getting-started/install#install-corepack
npm i -g corepack
yarn add solc@0.8.7-fixed

yarn solcjs --bin --abi --include-path node_modules/ --base-path . -o . SimpleStorage.sol

现在我们把脚本放置到package.json中下次直接点击即可编译

{
  "dependencies": {
    "solc": "0.8.7-fixed"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "compile": "yarn solcjs --bin --abi --include-path node_modules/ --base-path . -o . SimpleStorage.sol"
  }
}

4. 安装ganache

https://trufflesuite.com/ganache/

windows开发者设置打开开发者模式然后进入powershell

Add-AppxPackage -Path "D:\Users\Domi\Downloads\Ganache-2.5.4-win-x64.appx"

启动应用后找到
RPC SERVERhttp://127.0.0.1:7545
NETWORK ID5777

5.新建deploy.js

const ethers = require("ethers");
const fs = require("fs-extra");
require("dotenv").config();

async function main() {
  let provider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider(process.env.RPC_URL);
  // 私钥不加密方式开发
  let wallet = new ethers.Wallet(process.env.PRIVATE_KEY, provider);

  // 生产环境私钥一定要加密并且history历史命令记录也要清空否则后果自负
  // const encryptedJson = fs.readFileSync("./.encryptedKey.json", "utf8");
  // let wallet = new ethers.Wallet.fromEncryptedJsonSync(
  //   encryptedJson,
  //   process.env.PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD
  // );
  // wallet = wallet.connect(provider);

  const abi = fs.readFileSync("./SimpleStorage_sol_SimpleStorage.abi", "utf8");
  const binary = fs.readFileSync(
    "./SimpleStorage_sol_SimpleStorage.bin",
    "utf8"
  );
  const contractFactory = new ethers.ContractFactory(abi, binary, wallet);
  console.log("Deploying, please wait...");
  const contract = await contractFactory.deploy();
  const deploymentReceipt = await contract.deployTransaction.wait(1);
  console.log(`Contract deployed to ${contract.address}`);

  let currentFavoriteNumber = await contract.retrieve();
  console.log(`Current Favorite Number: ${currentFavoriteNumber}`);

  console.log("Updating favorite number...");
  let transactionResponse = await contract.store(7);
  let transactionReceipt = await transactionResponse.wait();

  currentFavoriteNumber = await contract.retrieve();
  console.log(`New Favorite Number: ${currentFavoriteNumber}`);
}

main()
  .then(() => process.exit(0))
  .catch((error) => {
    console.error(error);
    process.exit(1);
  });

新建.env配置文件

# 随便找个本地ganache账户address的私钥【点击】
PRIVATE_KEY=fb5bd474d1e90d0083591744e12619bac24d29f1f56cb766653de494be9e6dc7
# 修改为本机ganache RPC SERVER地址
RPC_URL=http://127.0.0.1:7545
PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD=password

安装deploy.js中依赖的包

npm install --save ethers
npm install dotenv
npm install fs-extra

6. 运行deploy.js本地部署合约

node deploy.js

成了是不是很激动呢

下一篇我们将介绍私钥管理及在测试网与主网上部署合约

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