【Linux】Linux命令行git的使用

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一、git是什么

1.
Git是一个开源的分布式版本控制系统可以有效、高速地处理从很小到非常大的项目版本管理。 也是Linus Torvalds雷纳斯托瓦兹为了帮助管理Linux内核开发而开发的一个开放源码的版本控制软件。

2.
说白了git就是一个进行项目版本管理的一个软件。

二、gitee仓库创建

1.新建仓库

1.在gitee的主界面右上角有新建仓库

2.对仓库进行信息配置

2.复制仓库链接

点击橙色按钮里的HTTPS链接进行仓库链接的复制

3.克隆远端仓库到本地来

git clone+仓库链接就可以将远端仓库克隆到本地上

[wyn@VM-8-2-centos workdir]$ git clone https://gitee.com/raise-your-glass-to-the-moon/12_27fordebug.git
Cloning into '12_27fordebug'...
Username for 'https://gitee.com': 15598303669
Password for 'https://15598303669@gitee.com': 
remote: Enumerating objects: 6, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (6/6), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done.
remote: Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (6/6), done.

三、git提交代码

1.下载git

sudo yum -y install git

2. 配置用户名和邮箱否则git commit无法正常使用

1.下面是已经配置好的配置信息

git config --list // 查看git的配置列表

2.配置成全局当前普通用户的所有本地仓库都有效不仅仅是某个仓库。

git config --global user.name  "username"  // 名字缩写即可
git config --global user.email  "email"// 正常使用的邮箱

3.修改你的配置信息

git config --replace-all user.name "new-name"
git config --replace-all user.email "new-email"

4.查看git config的其他选项都有哪些功能

[wyn@VM-8-2-centos 12_27fordebug]$ git config
usage: git config [options]

Config file location
    --global              use global config file
    --system              use system config file
    --local               use repository config file
    -f, --file <file>     use given config file
    --blob <blob-id>      read config from given blob object

Action
    --get                 get value: name [value-regex]
    --get-all             get all values: key [value-regex]
    --get-regexp          get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]
    --replace-all         replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]
    --add                 add a new variable: name value
    --unset               remove a variable: name [value-regex]
    --unset-all           remove all matches: name [value-regex]
    --rename-section      rename section: old-name new-name
    --remove-section      remove a section: name
    -l, --list            list all
    -e, --edit            open an editor
    --get-color <slot>    find the color configured: [default]
    --get-colorbool <slot>
                          find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]

Type
    --bool                value is "true" or "false"
    --int                 value is decimal number
    --bool-or-int         value is --bool or --int
    --path                value is a path (file or directory name)

Other
    -z, --null            terminate values with NUL byte
    --includes            respect include directives on lookup

3. git提交代码三板斧

3.1 git add将代码添加到本地仓库.git的临时区域

利用*我们可以一次性将后缀为指定后缀的文件进行统一性的操作例如下面我将所有后缀为.c和.h的文件统一剪切到process目录下面然后我们就可以将当前目录添加到本地仓库.git的临时区域里面。

[wyn@VM-8-2-centos workdir]$ mv *.c process
[wyn@VM-8-2-centos workdir]$ mv *.h process
[wyn@VM-8-2-centos 12_27fordebug]$ git add .

3.2 git commit -m将代码提交到本地仓库.git里面

add是添加到仓库的临时区域commit是提交到本地仓库里面

[wyn@VM-8-2-centos 12_27fordebug]$ ll
total 24
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wyn wyn 9592 Dec 27 09:40 LICENSE
drwxrwxr-x 2 wyn wyn 4096 Dec 27 10:04 process
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wyn wyn  859 Dec 27 09:40 README.en.md
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wyn wyn  948 Dec 27 09:40 README.md
[wyn@VM-8-2-centos 12_27fordebug]$ git commit -m "这是第一次提交代码"

3.3 git push同步本地仓库.git的内容到gitee上

所谓的本地仓库本质就是目录和目录里面的内容这个目录名字叫.gitpush到远端本质就是将.git里面的内容同步到gitee上面同步之后的gitee上其实也有一个.git的目录只不过gitee是不允许我们看到这个目录的。

[wyn@VM-8-2-centos 12_27fordebug]$ git push
Username for 'https://gitee.com': 15598303669
Password for 'https://15598303669@gitee.com': 
Counting objects: 7, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
Writing objects: 100% (5/5), 584 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 5 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Powered by GITEE.COM [GNK-6.4]
To https://gitee.com/raise-your-glass-to-the-moon/12_27fordebug.git
   0f71a6a..1f9b73a  master -> master

四、其他扩展的git指令

1.文件.gitignore是什么

凡是在这个文件内部的后缀所对应的文件都不会被上传到gitee上

  [wyn@VM-8-2-centos 12_27fordebug]$ vim .gitignore 
  1 *.sln  添加了.sln后缀作为.gitignore文件的改动
  2 # Prerequisites
  3 *.d
  4 
  5 # Compiled Object files
  6 *.slo
  7 *.lo
  8 *.o
  9 *.obj
 10 
 11 # Precompiled Headers
 12 *.gch
 13 *.pch
 14 
 15 # Compiled Dynamic libraries
 16 *.so
 17 *.dylib
 18 *.dll
 19 
 20 # Fortran module files
 21 *.mod                                                                                                                                                                 
 22 *.smod
 23 
 24 # Compiled Static libraries
 25 *.lai
 26 *.la
 27 *.a
 28 *.lib
 29 
 30 # Executables
 31 *.exe
 32 *.out
 33 *.app

2 git log查看git的提交日志

[wyn@VM-8-2-centos process]$ git log
commit 64e37f98443db1be25ee2a34a4cef39b24db8602
Author: wyn <wang.ya.nan2022@outlook.com>
Date:   Tue Dec 27 14:40:34 2022 +0800

    删除.txt后缀的文件

commit 1e28723cf0ef7d6b1ce5887df56e25655bd11748
Author: wyn <wang.ya.nan2022@outlook.com>
Date:   Tue Dec 27 14:25:40 2022 +0800

    rename file

commit 02deaf907420261dc19fe61aba3acbf1ec422107
Author: wyn <wang.ya.nan2022@outlook.com>
Date:   Tue Dec 27 14:18:51 2022 +0800

    修正了部分野指针的bug

commit d46c141392ab63ca70cdf545feec3a287e9a0177
Author: wyn <wang.ya.nan2022@outlook.com>
Date:   Tue Dec 27 10:39:21 2022 +0800

    这是我的第一次提交

commit 14b1e1e46acdda069e87fbadaf6c0b3177dbeb80
Author: 举杯邀明月 <wang.ya.nan2022@outlook.com>
Date:   Tue Dec 27 01:38:23 2022 +0000

    Initial commit

3 git status查看本地仓库的状态

1.
第7行的modified内容表示我们刚刚修改过文件.gitignore的内容
第9行的Untracked代表未被管理的文件这些文件是仓库中没有的文件

2.
当你同步完所有你在本地仓库的改动文件之后系统会说没有什么commit了因为你已经把最新的本地仓库的所有改动全部同步到远端仓库了

[wyn@VM-8-2-centos process]$ git status
# On branch master
# Changes not staged for commit:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
#	modified:   ../.gitignore
#
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#	Makefile
#	test.txt
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")


[wyn@VM-8-2-centos 12_27fordebug]$ git status
# On branch master
nothing to commit, working directory clean

4 git mv + git rm修改和删除本地仓库的文件

[wyn@VM-8-2-centos process]$ git mv test.txt hello.txt
[wyn@VM-8-2-centos process]$ git rm -f hello.txt

远端仓库全都已经最新同步了

5 git pull拉取远端仓库所作的修改到本地仓库

1.
首先我们需要知道我们是可以在远端仓库进行修改的

2.
如果远端仓库已经做了修改但是还没有同步到本地仓库这个时候如果本地仓库想要继续push本地仓库所做的修改到远端就会直接报错系统会强制我们先同步远端仓库所作的修改

[wyn@VM-8-2-centos 12_27fordebug]$ git push
Username for 'https://gitee.com': 15598303669
Password for 'https://15598303669@gitee.com': 
To https://gitee.com/raise-your-glass-to-the-moon/12_27fordebug.git
 ! [rejected]        master -> master (fetch first)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://gitee.com/raise-your-glass-to-the-moon/12_27fordebug.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do
hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing
hint: to the same ref. You may want to first merge the remote changes (e.g.,
hint: 'git pull') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.

3.
所有我们必须要同步远端仓库所做的修改到本地仓库

[wyn@VM-8-2-centos 12_27fordebug]$ git pull